How to Check Land Records Online in India — Bhulekh, Bhu Naksha, 7/12 Extract

Gone are the days when you had to visit the tehsil or taluk office and wait in long queues to get a copy of your land records. Today, almost every state in India has digitised its land records and made them available online through portals like Bhulekh, Bhu Naksha, and Apna Khata.

In this guide, we will explain what land records are, why you need them, and how to check them online — state by state — with simple step-by-step instructions.

What Are Land Records?

Land records are official government documents that contain details about a piece of land — who owns it, how much area it covers, what type of land it is (agricultural, residential, etc.), and its survey number. These records are maintained by the state revenue department.

In India, land records go by different names in different states:

Types of Land Records

1. Khasra

A plot-level record that shows the survey number, area, soil type, crop grown, and name of the owner/cultivator. Common in North Indian states like UP, MP, and Rajasthan.

2. Khatauni

A consolidated record that lists all the plots (khasra numbers) owned by a single person in a village. Think of it as a summary of your land holdings.

3. 7/12 Extract (Satbara Utara)

Used in Maharashtra, this combines two registers — Form 7 (owner details) and Form 12 (cultivation details). It is the most important land document in Maharashtra.

4. RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crops)

Used in Karnataka, the RTC shows ownership, tenancy, land type, area, and crop details. Also called Pahani.

5. Khata Certificate

Issued in Karnataka, the Khata certificate proves that a particular property is recorded in the owner's name in the municipal records. Essential for property tax payment and building plan approval.

6. Patta

Used in Tamil Nadu and some southern states, Patta is the ownership document issued by the revenue department confirming who owns a piece of land.

Why You Need Land Records

You will need land records in the following situations:

• Buying or selling property — To verify ownership before a transaction
• Home loan / agricultural loan — Banks require land documents as proof of ownership
• Mutation (name transfer) — After purchasing land, you need to update the records in your name
• Court cases and disputes — Land records serve as legal evidence
• Government schemes — For crop insurance, PM-KISAN, subsidies, etc.
• Building permission — Municipal authorities ask for land documents
• Property tax — To calculate and pay property tax correctly

How to Check Land Records Online (State-Wise)

Uttar Pradesh — UP Bhulekh

Website: https://upbhulekh.gov.in

UP Bhulekh lets you check Khasra Khatauni (खसरा खतौनी) records online.

Steps to check:

1. Go to upbhulekh.gov.in
2. Click on "खतौनी (अधिकार अभिलेख) की नकल देखें"
3. Enter the captcha code
4. Select your जनपद (District), तहसील (Tehsil), and ग्राम (Village)
5. Search by खसरा/गाटा संख्या (plot number), खाता संख्या (account number), or खातेदार का नाम (owner name)
6. Click "उद्धरण देखें" to view the record
7. You can print or save the Khatauni copy

Tip: UP Bhulekh also has a separate section for Bhu Naksha (land map). Visit upbhunaksha.gov.in for plot maps.

Maharashtra — Bhulekh / 7/12 Extract

Websites:

• https://bhulekh.mahabhumi.gov.in
• https://digitalsatbara.mahabhumi.gov.in

Maharashtra's 7/12 (Satbara) extract is the most commonly needed land document in the state.

Steps to check 7/12 online:

1. Go to bhulekh.mahabhumi.gov.in
2. Select your Division → District → Taluka → Village
3. Choose the search method — by Survey No., First Name, or Last Name
4. Enter the required details and click Search
5. The 7/12 extract will be displayed showing owner name, survey number, area, and crop details
6. You can view and print the record

For Digital Satbara (certified copy):

1. Visit digitalsatbara.mahabhumi.gov.in
2. Register / login with your mobile number
3. Search for your property
4. Pay the nominal fee (₹15 per copy approx.)
5. Download the digitally signed 7/12 extract — this is legally valid

Rajasthan — Apna Khata

Website: https://apnakhata.rajasthan.gov.in

Apna Khata is Rajasthan's portal to view Jamabandi (land ownership records) and Nakal (copy of records).

Steps to check:

1. Go to apnakhata.rajasthan.gov.in
2. Click on the district on the map (or select from dropdown)
3. Select Tehsil → Village
4. Enter your Khata number, Khasra number, or owner name
5. Click "नकल" to view the Jamabandi nakal
6. The record will show owner details, area, land type, and mutation history
7. You can download or print the Nakal

Note: Apna Khata Nakal is for informational purposes. For legal use, get a certified copy from the Patwari or e-Mitra centre.

Madhya Pradesh — MP Bhulekh

Website: https://mpbhulekh.gov.in

MP Bhulekh provides access to Khasra, Khatauni, and land maps for all districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Steps to check:

1. Go to mpbhulekh.gov.in
2. Click on "Free Services" or "भू-अभिलेख"
3. Select District → Tehsil → Village
4. Enter Khasra number or landowner name
5. Click "View Details"
6. The Khasra / Khatauni (B1) record will be displayed
7. You can also check the Bhu Naksha (plot map) from the same portal

Tip: MP Bhulekh also offers a paid certified copy service. You can apply and pay online.

Bihar — Bihar Bhumi

Website: https://biharbhumi.bihar.gov.in

Bihar Bhumi portal gives access to land records including Khata, Khesra (Khasra), and Jamabandi.

Steps to check:

1. Go to biharbhumi.bihar.gov.in
2. Click on "अपना खाता देखें" (View Your Account)
3. You will be redirected to the Apna Khata section
4. Select District → Sub-Division (Anchal) → Circle → Mauza (Village)
5. Search by Khata number, Khesra number, or account holder name
6. The Khata details along with plot information will be displayed
7. You can print or save the record

Note: For Bhu Naksha (land map) of Bihar, visit bhunaksha.bihar.gov.in.

Karnataka — Bhoomi / Land Records

Website: https://landrecords.karnataka.gov.in

Karnataka's Bhoomi portal lets you check RTC (Record of Rights, Tenancy, and Crops), Mutation status, and more.

Steps to check RTC:

1. Go to landrecords.karnataka.gov.in
2. Click on "View RTC & MR"
3. Select District → Taluk → Hobli → Village
4. Enter the Survey Number or Owner Name
5. Enter the captcha and click "Fetch Details"
6. The RTC (Pahani) record will show owner name, land area, type, and crop details
7. You can download or print the RTC

For Mutation Status:

1. On the same portal, click "Mutation Status"
2. Enter the application number or search by village
3. Check the status of your mutation request

How to Check Bhu Naksha (Land Map) Online

Bhu Naksha is the digitised map of land plots. It shows the exact boundaries, shape, and location of a plot within a village.

Bhu Naksha is useful for:

• Verifying plot boundaries before purchase
• Resolving boundary disputes
• Checking if the land is agricultural, residential, or government land

State-wise Bhu Naksha portals:

General steps to check Bhu Naksha:

1. Visit your state's Bhu Naksha portal
2. Select District → Tehsil → RI Circle → Village
3. Click on the plot on the map, or enter the Khasra / Survey number
4. The map will highlight your plot and show details like area, owner name, and land type
5. You can download or print the map

How to Apply for Mutation (Name Transfer)

Mutation (also called Dakhil Kharij in Hindi) is the process of updating land records when ownership changes — after a sale, inheritance, or gift.

General Process:

1. Collect documents:

   • Sale deed / gift deed / death certificate (as applicable)
   • ID proof of new owner
   • Previous land records (Khatauni / 7/12 / RTC)

2. Apply online or offline:

   • Many states now allow online mutation applications through their land records portals
   • Alternatively, submit the application at the Tehsildar / Revenue Office / Sub-Registrar office

3. Verification:

   • The revenue officer (Patwari / Talathi / Village Accountant) will verify the documents
   • In some cases, a spot inspection may be conducted

4. Objection period:

   • A public notice is issued. If no objections are raised within the stipulated period (usually 15–30 days), the mutation is approved

5. Record updated:

   • Once approved, the land records are updated with the new owner's name

Online Mutation Links:

• UP: Apply through upbhulekh.gov.in
• Karnataka: Apply through landrecords.karnataka.gov.in
• Bihar: Apply through biharbhumi.bihar.gov.in
• Maharashtra: Through the Talathi or e-Seva centre

Important: Mutation does NOT prove ownership — it only updates the revenue records. The registered sale deed is the primary proof of ownership.

How to Get a Certified Copy of Land Records

A certified copy is a government-attested copy that is legally valid in courts and banks. Here's how to get one:

1. Online: Some states (Maharashtra, MP, Karnataka) offer digitally signed copies through their portals for a small fee (₹15–₹50)
2. e-District / CSC Centre: Visit your nearest Common Service Centre (CSC) or e-Mitra / Meeseva centre
3. Tehsil Office: Apply at the Tehsil or Taluk office with your plot details and ID proof
4. Processing time: Usually 3–7 working days

DILRMP — Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme

The DILRMP (formerly NLRMP) is a central government initiative to modernise and digitise land records across India. Under this programme:

• All state land records are being computerised
• Land maps (cadastral maps) are being digitised
• Registration and mutation processes are being integrated
• The goal is to create a single-window system for all land-related services

Website: https://dilrmp.gov.in

This is why most states now have online portals for land records — it's all part of the DILRMP initiative under the Digital India programme.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Is the land record downloaded online legally valid?

Ans: The online copy is generally for informational purposes only. For legal use (bank loan, court, registration), you need a certified copy — either digitally signed (available in some states) or attested by the Tehsildar/Talathi.

Q2. What is the difference between Bhulekh and Bhu Naksha?

Ans: Bhulekh shows the textual land records — owner name, area, plot number, etc. Bhu Naksha shows the map of the land — plot boundaries, shape, and location. Both are complementary.

Q3. Can I check land records of any state from anywhere?

Ans: Yes! All state land record portals are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. You do not need to be physically present in that state.

Q4. How long does mutation take after buying land?

Ans: Mutation typically takes 15 to 60 days depending on the state and whether any objections are raised. In some states, online applications are processed faster.

Q5. What if my name is wrong in the land records?

Ans: You need to file a correction application at the Tehsil / Revenue office with supporting documents (Aadhaar, sale deed, etc.). Some states allow online correction requests.

Q6. Is there any fee to check land records online?

Ans: Viewing land records online is free on most state portals. However, downloading a certified/digitally signed copy may cost ₹15–₹50 depending on the state.

Q7. What is Khata transfer and how is it different from mutation?

Ans: In Karnataka, Khata transfer is the municipal equivalent of mutation. When you buy a property in a city/town, you need to transfer the Khata (property account) in your name at the BBMP or local municipal body. Mutation updates the revenue (village) records, while Khata transfer updates the municipal records.

Summary

Checking land records online in India is now simple and free. Whether you need a Khasra Khatauni in UP, a 7/12 extract in Maharashtra, or an RTC in Karnataka — all major states have dedicated portals. Always verify land records before buying property, and get a certified copy for legal purposes.

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